The “isolation tax” is the cost people pay every time they withdraw socially. This shows up in the form of missed opportunities for belonging, mental stimulation or even happiness.

Even though we are social creatures, it’s not unusual to find strangers sitting next to each other on public transport, quietly minding their own business. In 2014, a study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General examined why this occurs.

Researchers discovered that individuals avoid engaging with strangers because they think they are better off being in their own bubble. But amazingly, their tests revealed that to the contrary, people actually end up feeling happier after initiating a conversation with a stranger than after remaining alone, although they typically expect being alone to be more enjoyable.

This inclination toward solitude appears to stem from underestimating others’ willingness to engage and unawareness of how much of a lift a mere social exchange can provide.

Researchers also found that this positive feeling is contagious — those engaged in conversation by someone else also get the same feeling of upliftment, whether they started the interaction or not.

Unfortunately, our tendency to seek isolation and avoid social interaction could be one of the primary reasons why we’re facing a loneliness epidemic today.

Here are three ways you are paying the hidden costs of isolation tax, and how it’s hurting more than just your social life.

1. Isolation Tax Takes A Physical Toll

In a recent report, the World Health Organization estimated that one in six individuals across the globe feels lonely, with the highest prevalence being among young people, particularly adolescents, who are most vulnerable. Aside from its psychological effect, loneliness and isolation are connected to an estimated 871,000 deaths each year.

While we all need time alone sometimes, when you consistently ignore a text from a friend and forget to respond for days straight, or when you constantly turn down invitations to go out and stay home to watch TV instead, you’re generating a risk not only to your mental well-being but also to your physical well-being.

Based on a 2010 meta-analysis, lonely individuals are 50% more likely to die younger than individuals with extensive social connections. A 2014 review on loneliness also describes how significantly increases the risk for depression, alcohol abuse, sleep disturbances and personality disorders. It also weakens immune system functioning, augmenting the risk for heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and cancer.

The combined mental and physical illness risks of loneliness have been equated with those of obesity or smoking and represent a serious public health concern.

2. Isolation Tax Impacts Your Mental Health

Imagine someone who, over weeks or months, barely talks to anyone — maybe they don’t have friends to reach out to, rarely see family and don’t really interact with their neighbors or coworkers. That’s what social isolation means; it’s not just spending a quiet weekend alone, but more like having very little or even no real contact with others for a long time.

It’s about really missing out on regular chats, hangouts and that day-to-day sense of being involved with people’s lives. In a 2021 national survey of American adults, 36% said they felt seriously lonely, experiencing feelings of loneliness “frequently” or “almost all the time or all the time” during the past four weeks.

This rate was even higher among young adults aged 18 to 25, with 61% reporting serious loneliness, and among mothers with young children, where 51% reported feeling this way.

A 2023 study published in Behavioral Psychology found that people who felt lonely were four times more likely to develop poor mental health than those who did not. They were also more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety or depression and prescribed psychotropic drugs, which can end up aggravating the problem rather than solving it.

3. Isolation Tax Makes You Miss Social Opportunities

Isolation tax hurts more than just your chances at making friends, having a love life and forming meaningful connections. Individuals who have been socially isolated for an extended period of time might struggle to re-enter social life.

Many individuals feel as though they’ve forgotten how to converse or react naturally with other people, so social interactions are uncomfortable or filled with anxiety. At times, it may feel like they’ve become rusty — like their capacity to pick up on social cues or sustain conversations just isn’t there anymore. This can create self-doubt and fear of rejection, making it that much more difficult to re-engage.

Isolation can create a barrier that reduces exposure to new experiences, connections and growth avenues, which perpetuates a feeling of being “left behind” or stuck in life.

How To Stop Paying Isolation Tax

Making an intentional effort toward connection can help you get started on rebuilding your social safety net. Start by addressing the tendency to avoid or decline a chance at connecting with others, and try the following:

1. Engage meaningfully with others even if they are strangers. “I would say to start with small, approachable moments in public spaces that feel comfortable and familiar. Start by making eye contact and smiling as you pass by others. From there, build up to brief interactions — greet and thank people or offer a compliment,” explains researcher Taylor West from the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in our recent interview.

2. Proactively build social networks. Find an activity you enjoy doing or something new that you would like to learn. Join clubs, groups or community activities where regular interaction can happen. Creating routines around social engagement helps establish meaningful bonds.

3. Seek professional support. To break the cycle of social isolation, eliminate the root cause. Therapy or counseling can help address underlying issues like anxiety or depression that contribute to isolation, and help develop social skills and confidence.

Breaking free from the isolation tax isn’t just about feeling less lonely. It’s about regaining your capacity to build meaningful connections and creating a dependable support system you can lean on when life gets heavy.

Feeling lonely even among loved ones? Take this science-backed test to discover how isolation may be affecting your closest bonds — and use your results as a first step toward rebuilding connection: Loneliness In Intimate Relationships Scale

A similar version of this article can also be found on Forbes.com, here.