Marriage is often thought of as the union of two individuals, falling naturally into forever bliss. The real world, however, is different. Research continually demonstrates that successful relationships aren’t necessarily about chemistry or passion, but are constructed deliberately, day by day, decision by decision.

One of the most powerful models in relationship science, Dr. John Gottman’s Sound Relationship House Theory, compares a healthy marriage to a well-built house, with each “floor” symbolizing an important component that lends strength to the entire building.

Just how a building can’t stand if it lacks a strong foundation, similarly, a marriage can’t last if it doesn’t possess core relational competencies. Each subsequent “floor” relies on the one before it, showing that relational long-term success is sequential and cumulative. Through being aware of and practicing these essentials, couples can deliberately build a marriage that is resilient, emotionally rich and deeply satisfying.

1st Floor: Mapping Each Other’s Inner Worlds

Deep familiarity with one’s partner is the bedrock of every successful marriage. Gottman calls it a “love map,” or an internal map of your partner’s world, including their history, feelings, values and aspirations. Extensive attachment theory research makes the same point: partners who have a good grid map of each other’s inner lives experience greater intimacy and emotional safety.

The process of creating a love map is conscious and continuous. It demands curiosity, active listening and persistence. Ask yourself the following questions to get started:

• What are the topmost goals in life for your partner, professionally and personally?

• Who are the important people in their life, and why?

• How do they usually handle stress, happiness and, most importantly, disappointment?

Even aspects that might seem insignificant, such as their favorite foods, routine preferences or hobbies, add to a deeper feeling of intimacy. Rich detailed knowledge about one another’s world activates parts of the brain linked to empathy and social connection, thereby making the emotional connection more robust. Essentially, the love map serves as the tangible foundation upon which all other relationship skills are constructed.

2nd Floor: Cultivating Fondness And Admiration

Once a love map is created, the second floor of the house is built on how much fondness and admiration partners show each other. This is where the two partners need to learn to acknowledge and appreciate each other’s individuality. Longitudinal research on marriage has demonstrated that couples with a ratio of five or more positive interactions for each negative interaction are much more likely to maintain long-term satisfaction.

These expressions of fondness and admiration do not have to be grand. All you need to do is appreciate the way your partner shows up, remark on their thoughtful gestures or simply value their work ethic. These actions affirm emotional connection and demonstrate that your partner is appreciated.

Critically, admiration is not a form of flattery. It is more of a recognition of true qualities that make the relationship healthy. In practical terms, a couple who regularly expresses gratitude and delight in each other is essentially fortifying the second floor of their relational home, creating a stable structure for future challenges.

3rd Floor: Responding To Emotional Bids

Gottman classifies the third floor as a space where partners must “turn toward” one another. Meaning, responding to the little bids for connection throughout everyday life. These bids are the subtle efforts to receive attention, affection or understanding from your partner. These interactions engage oxytocin pathways, encouraging bonding and decreasing stress, and it marks the physiological advantages of responsive attentiveness.

Turning toward a partner entails awareness, empathy and prompt action. It may be as easy as listening when they describe a stressful day (and not coming up with quick fixes), offering an affectionate touch or bonding over a shared inside joke for the twentieth time. Couples who routinely turn towards one another in small, mundane moments report greater trust and emotional closeness.

In contrast, ignoring or dismissing these bids over time can undermine relational security and elevate the risk of emotional distancing. The third floor, then, is one of consistency and presence: being present, day in and day out, in ways that say, “You matter to me.”

4th Floor: Maintaining A Positive Perspective

Even the most ideal couples have problems. To that end, the fourth floor focuses on maintaining a positive mindset by viewing one’s partner with a spirit of goodness and comprehension, instead of suspicion and fault-finding.

Social psychology studies on attribution theory reveal that couples who interpret their partner’s missteps in a benevolent spirit, rather than attributing malice or dispositional flaws, report higher satisfaction and fewer quarrels.

These daily intention interpretations actively shape how couples adapt to stress. When partners view each other’s negative behaviors as situational or unintentional, their marital quality remains more stable even under external pressures. Conversely, when they attribute such behaviors as being deliberate or character-based, stress exerts a stronger corrosive effect on the relationship.

Having a positive attitude, then, is not naïveté. It’s an intentional state of mind that functions as a coping resource. It entails giving the benefit of the doubt, de-escalating, and perceiving disagreements as potential sources of insight instead of threats.

For instance, if your partner misses an item on the chore list, critiquing less and inquiring more might minimize defensiveness and maximize cooperation. By adopting this state of mind, couples become resilient to stress and establish a relational climate that promotes development and support.

5th Floor: Managing Conflict Constructively

Conflict is part and parcel of every intimate relationship. The fifth floor of the sound relationship house, thus, rests on how couples resolve disagreements. Gottman’s research shows that the happiest couples don’t shy away from conflict. Rather, they resolve it constructively by prioritizing understanding their partner over winning an argument.

Here are a few tools that always come in handy when trying to resolve a conflict fruitfully:

• Active listening, or hearing your partner out without an immediate response

• Emotion regulation, or hitting pause when anger or frustration threatens to overwhelm, creating room for reflection

• A problem-solving orientation that treats disagreements as opportunities for compromise, not power struggles.

When couples resolve disputes collaboratively, as opposed to competitive manners, they stand a higher chance of ensuring the long-term benefits to the relationship like higher relationship satisfaction despite frequent arguments. The fifth floor, then, is mostly about balance and recognizing difference without allowing it to destabilize the structure of the relationship.

6th Floor: Supporting Each Other’s Dreams

Empirical work suggests that couples who actively support each other’s goals, in addition to collective relational goals, have better marital satisfaction. And that’s what the sixth floor of the relationship house theory is all about.

Supporting the dreams of your partner involves prioritization, coordination, being flexible and, sometimes, even making sacrifices. Whether it’s a career transition, a weight goal or any other step toward self-improvement, partners who work together on goal achievement build trust and interdependence along the way.

Things don’t always go as planned in life, unfortunately. Financial setbacks, illness or external stressors can rain on the parade. But couples who meet these challenges head-on build a resilient relationship. The sixth floor makes marriage more than just a coexistence. Think of it as a vibrant platform for both personal and relational transformation.

7th Floor: Creating Shared Meaning

The seventh floor is the integration of individual lives to a common life: meaning, purpose and vision as a couple. This stage mirrors the peak of intimacy where couples agree on values, goals and long-term visions.

Research identifies that couples who develop shared meaning, through rituals and traditions, mutually envisioned goals or mutually aligned philosophies of life, feel a greater sense of satisfaction and stability. Some questions to consider are:

• What ethical values inform our financial, family and social choices?

• How do we see our future together, both short-term and long-term?

• What routines or traditions give us a sense of identity and common purpose?

Here, the relationship is greater than the sum of its components. The two co-build a “love map” of their common universe, giving each partner direction, belonging and satisfaction. This floor is the peak of relational accomplishment: an emotionally fulfilling and purposefully integrated partnership.

Building Your Own Marriage House

The metaphor of the sound relationship house offers a compelling lens through which to view marriage. It emphasizes that lasting relationships are intentional, multi-layered and cumulative. Foundations of knowledge, admiration, responsiveness are prerequisites for the upper floors of your house of love. Each floor depends on the integrity of the one below it, illustrating that neglecting foundational skills undermines the entire structure.

Couples who invest in each floor, day by day, choice by choice, create relationships that are emotionally resilient and growth-oriented.

Remember, your relationship house is only as strong as its foundation. Take the Marital Satisfaction Scale to know how strong your marital foundation is.

A similar version of this article can also be found on Forbes, here.