2 Things You Need To Know About 'Autistic Masking'

You may have heard of 'autistic masking,' but do you know why it's so common?

By Mark Travers, Ph.D. | October 10, 2024

"Autistic masking" or camouflaging refers to the conscious or unconscious effort to hide or suppress traits and behaviors associated with autism, to blend in or meet societal expectations. This can involve mimicking neurotypical social cues, facial expressions, maintaining small talk, hiding sensory discomfort or altering body language to fit in with others.

However, the emotional toll of constantly suppressing one's natural inclinations can lead to negative mental health consequences such as exhaustion, heightened anxiety and a disconnection from one's true identity, according to a 2021 study published in Autism in Adulthood.

Despite the cost, masking is a habit that many autistic individuals develop, growing up in a neurotypical-inclined world. In a 2019 study published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, researchers surveyed 262 autistic adults to learn the primary reasons behind such behavior.

Here are two reasons why autistic individuals feel compelled to mask their traits, according to the study.

1. Fitting In And 'Passing' In A Neurotypical World

The most common reason autistic individuals mask is the desire to fit in and avoid standing out in a predominantly neurotypical society. Many autistic individuals find it challenging to meet societal expectations for social behavior, communication and body language.

Many autistic individuals also camouflage to influence the impressions they make on others, especially in professional, educational or social contexts. They may feel pressure to present themselves in a way that aligns with neurotypical standards of behavior to avoid being judged as less capable or too socially awkward for these roles.

Additionally, a 2016 study published in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders found that adolescents with autism are often motivated to develop friendships and fit in with their peers, but have difficulty doing so and mask in the process.

This need to "pass" as neurotypical often stems from early experiences of feeling different or excluded. By camouflaging, autistic people attempt to navigate social interactions more smoothly and build relationships that might otherwise be difficult. However, this comes at the cost of their authentic self-expression.

2. Avoiding Retaliation And Bullying

Another common reason behind masking is to protect oneself from the negative reactions and bullying that can arise when one's autistic traits are more visible. Many autistic individuals experience retaliation or mistreatment after disclosing their autistic identity or behaving in ways that deviate from neurotypical norms.

For many, past experiences of bullying or social rejection play a critical role in the decision to camouflage. By masking, they feel a sense of safety, as it reduces the chances of drawing unwanted attention or criticism. While this strategy may prevent immediate harm, the long-term psychological toll of constantly guarding against negative reactions can be deeply draining.

"We currently think that masking includes things such as making eye contact even if it makes you feel uncomfortable, or not talking about your interests too much for fear of being labeled 'weird'," write the researchers of a 2020 study published in Autism in Adulthood.

"Autistic people grow up in a social world and experience a lot of negative views about autism. People need to recognize that autism does not look like one 'type' of person," the researchers add.

Additionally, a 2022 study published in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders found that masking is tied to the social oppression of autistic people. Researchers highlight the urgent need for greater acceptance around autism to safeguard their mental health.

Autistic masking is a deeply ingrained survival strategy, borne from the need to navigate a world that often struggles to understand neurodivergent experiences. It's clear that this exacts a heavy toll. The solution doesn't lie in asking autistic individuals to fit into a neurotypical mold, but in creating spaces where diversity is not just tolerated, but genuinely embraced.

Neurotypical allies have a critical role to play in this—by showing empathy, questioning their own assumptions, dismantling stereotypes and honoring the diverse ways people experience and interact with the world. Only then can we move toward a world where autistic individuals no longer feel the need to hide, but instead are celebrated for who they truly are.

Curious whether you're able to show up as your authentic self with others? Take this test to learn more: Authenticity In Relationships Scale

A similar version of this article can also be found on Forbes.com, here.